Abstract: Highlights•This paper extends our conference paper presented at the NeurIPS 2023 Workshop on Gaze Meets ML.•We conduct a thorough analysis of limitations in current data augmentation methods for medical images.•For the first time, we suggest leveraging the gaze of radiologists to craft semantic-aware augmentation during contrastive learning.•We compare human experts’ visual attention and network’s attention. And evaluate them in downstream tasks.
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