Abstract: Highlights•CSL-VQA combines self-supervised and contrastive learning for unbiased VQA training.•BSD distinguishes biased and unbiased samples, boosting generalization in VQA.•PNSG module balances dataset bias without manual annotation, enhancing VQA.•Achieves state-of-the-art 62.30% on VQA-CP v2 while preserving VQA v2 accuracy.
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