In-Group Love, Out-Group Hate: A Framework to Measure Affective Polarization via Contentious Online Discussions

Buddhika Nettasinghe, Ashwin Rao, Bohan Jiang, Allon Percus, Kristina Lerman

Track: Social networks and social media

Keywords: Polarization, Twitter, COVID-19, Social Networks, Exposure

Abstract: Affective polarization, the emotional divide between ideological groups marked by in-group love and out-group hate, has intensified in the United States, driving contentious issues like masking and lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite its societal impact, existing models of opinion change fail to account for emotional dynamics nor offer methods to quantify affective polarization robustly and in real-time. In this paper, we introduce a discrete choice model that captures decision-making within affectively polarized social networks and propose a statistical inference method estimate key parameters---in-group love and out-group hate---from social media data. Through empirical validation from online discussions about the COVID-19 pandemic, we demonstrate that our approach accurately captures real-world polarization dynamics and explains the rapid emergence of a partisan gap in attitudes towards masking and lockdowns. This framework allows for tracking affective polarization across contentious issues has broad implications for fostering constructive online dialogues in digital spaces.

Submission Number: 904