Identifying fake reviews for refund purposes: Evaluating the effectiveness of a transfer-learning model against emerging Large Language Models

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Loredana Caruccio, Gaetano Cimino, Stefano Cirillo, Vincenzo Deufemia, Giuseppe Polese, Giandomenico Solimando

Published: 01 Dec 2025, Last Modified: 02 Feb 2026Engineering Applications of Artificial IntelligenceEveryoneRevisionsCC BY-SA 4.0