Portraying Large Language Models as Machines, Tools, or Companions Affects What Mental Capacities Humans Attribute to Them

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Allison Chen, Sunnie S. Y. Kim, Amaya Dharmasiri, Olga Russakovsky, Judith E. Fan

Published: 26 Apr 2025, Last Modified: 12 Dec 2025CrossrefEveryoneRevisionsCC BY-SA 4.0