A Complete AI-Based System for Dietary Assessment and Personalized Insulin Adjustment in Type 1 Diabetes Self-management

Maria Panagiotou, Ioannis Papathanail, Lubnaa Abdur Rahman, Lorenzo Brigato, Natalie S. Bez, Maria F. Vasiloglou, Thomai Stathopoulou, Bastiaan E. de Galan, Ulrik Pedersen-Bjergaard, Klazine van der Horst, Stavroula G. Mougiakakou

Abstract: People living with type 1 diabetes (PwT1D) face multiple challenges in self-managing their blood glucose levels, including the need for accurate carbohydrate counting, and the requirements of adjusting insulin dosage. Our paper aims to alleviate the demands of diabetes self-management by developing a complete system that employs computer vision to estimate the carbohydrate content of meals and utilizes reinforcement learning to personalize insulin dosing. Our findings demonstrate that this system results in a significantly greater percentage of time spent in the target glucose range compared to the combined standard bolus calculator treatment and carbohydrate counting. This approach could potentially improve glycaemic control for PwT1D and reduce the burden of carbohydrate and insulin dosage estimations.