Discrepancies Between Observed and Self-Identified Race in Spirometry Interpretation: Insights from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging

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Amin Adibi, Emily P. Brigham, Christopher Carlsten, Don D. Sin, Peter Loewen, Mohsen Sadatsafavi

Published: 28 Oct 2025, Last Modified: 23 Nov 2025European Respiratory JournalEveryoneRevisionsCC BY-SA 4.0
Abstract: title>Extract</title><p>Race-specific spirometry reference equations have been criticized for assigning biological meaning to a social construct and for their potential to perpetuate health disparities by normalizing lower lung function that may be pathologic and reflect environmental and social exposures [1–3]. A less examined but equally critical issue is inconsistent recording of race in clinical settings.</p>