EDITH : ECG Biometrics Aided by Deep Learning for Reliable Individual Authentication

Nabil Ibtehaz, Muhammad Enamul Hoque Chowdhury, Amith Khandakar, Serkan Kiranyaz, M. Sohel Rahman, Anas Tahir, Yazan Qiblawey, Tawsifur Rahman

Abstract: In recent years, physiological signal-based authentication has shown great promises, for its inherent robustness against forgery. Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal, being the most widely studied biosignal, has also received the highest level of attention in this regard. It has been proven with numerous studies that by analyzing ECG signals from different persons, it is possible to identify them, with acceptable accuracy. In this work, we present, EDITH, a deep learning-based framework for ECG biometrics authentication system. Moreover, we hypothesize and demonstrate that Siamese architectures can be used over typical distance metrics for improved performance. We have evaluated EDITH using 4 commonly used datasets and outperformed the prior works using a fewer number of beats. EDITH performs competitively using just a single heartbeat (96 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim$</tex-math></inline-formula> 99.75% accuracy) and can be further enhanced by fusing multiple beats (100% accuracy from 3 to 6 beats). Furthermore, the proposed Siamese architecture manages to reduce the identity verification Equal Error Rate (EER) to 1.29 %. A limited case study of EDITH with real-world experimental data also suggests its potential as a practical authentication system.