Towards Sustainability-aware Recommender Systems: Analyzing the Trade-off Between Algorithms Performance and Carbon Footprint

Giuseppe Spillo, Allegra De Filippo, Cataldo Musto, Michela Milano, Giovanni Semeraro

Abstract: In this paper, we present a comparative analysis of the trade-off between the performance of state-of-the-art recommendation algorithms and their environmental impact. In particular, we compared 18 popular recommendation algorithms in terms of both performance metrics (i.e., accuracy and diversity of the recommendations) as well as in terms of energy consumption and carbon footprint on three different datasets. In order to obtain a fair comparison, all the algorithms were run based on the implementations available in a popular recommendation library, i.e., RecBole, and used the same experimental settings. The outcomes of the experiments showed that the choice of the optimal recommendation algorithm requires a thorough analysis, since more sophisticated algorithms often led to tiny improvements at the cost of an exponential increase of carbon emissions. Through this paper, we aim to shed light on the problem of carbon footprint and energy consumption of recommender systems, and we make the first step towards the development of sustainability-aware recommendation algorithms.