VSLM: Virtual Signal Large Model for Few-Shot Wideband Signal Detection and Recognition

Xiaoyang Hao, Shuyuan Yang, Ruoyu Liu, Zhixi Feng, Tongqing Peng, Bincheng Huang

Abstract: Most existing wideband signal detection and recognition (WSDR) methods rely on diverse, large-scale, and well-labeled training data, which are often difficult to obtain in practical application scenarios such as non-cooperative environments and novel signaling regimes. In this article, we propose a method for constructing a virtual signal large model (VSLM) and applying it to tackle the WSDR challenge under few-shot or even cross-domain few-shot scenarios. Firstly, we design two plug-and-play modules, virtual sample generation (VSG) and virtual category generation (VCG), for VSLM, respectively. VSG simulates the local and overall relationship between the burst signal and the constant signal, which is mainly completed by extracting time-frequency meta-block and data enhancement. Based on VSG and the multi-label concept, we further create virtual novel categories by injecting customizable semantic information into meta-blocks. Then, we further propose a dual decoupled network (DDN) to train the VSLM. DDN enhances signal details by decoupling low gray values (DLGV) in time-frequency representation, and alleviates conflicts during multi-task joint optimization by decoupling spectrum localization and signal classification. Finally, based on the wideband spectrogram dataset, extensive experiments have validated that our proposed methods can significantly improve the performance of WSDR under few-shot conditions.