Abstract: Highlights•We introduced the concept of the proposed IEoT framework and designed a four-layered structure, systematically exploring the characteristics and functions of each layer. We aim to establish a comprehensive, all-encompassing, and holistic security architecture for IEoT.•We categorized the threats and attacks faced by IEoT based on its hierarchical division, conducting in-depth analyses of the characteristics of each layer. Additionally, we discussed potential risks and challenges that may exist in different layers.•We conducted a comprehensive review of the latest research progress in security technologies related to IEoT. Our investigation focused on security solutions in each layer structure from a hierarchical perspective, to build a comprehensive and innovative security architecture for IEoT.•Leveraging the proposed IEoT framework, we presented a management case for security architecture.•We extensively outlined the open challenges of security issues in IEoT for the future and highlighted some important research opportunities, providing feasible research references for researchers.
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