Diagnose Like Doctors: Weakly Supervised Fine-Grained Classification of Breast Cancer

Jieru Tian, Yongxin Wang, Zhenduo Chen, Xin Luo, Xinshun Xu

Abstract: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancers in women. Therefore, how to accurately and timely diagnose it becomes very important. Some computer-aided diagnosis models based on pathological images have been proposed for this task. However, there are still some issues that need to be further addressed. For example, most deep learning based models suffer from a lack of interpretability. In addition, some of them cannot fully exploit the information in medical data, e.g., hierarchical label structure and scattered distribution of target objects. To address these issues, we propose a weakly supervised fine-grained medical image classification method for breast cancer diagnosis, i.e., DLD-Net for short. It simulates the diagnostic procedures of pathologists by multiple attention-guided cropping and dropping operations, making it have good clinical interpretability. Moreover, it cannot only exploit the global information of a whole image, but also further mine the critical local information by generating and selecting critical regions from the image. In light of this, those subtle discriminating information hidden in scattered regions can be exploited. In addition, we also design a novel hierarchical cross-entropy loss to utilize the hierarchical label information in medical images, making the classification results more discriminative. Furthermore, DLD-Net is a weakly supervised network, which can be trained end-to-end without any additional region annotations. Extensive experimental results on three benchmark datasets demonstrate that DLD-Net is able to achieve good results and outperforms some state-of-the-art methods.