New Results in Quantum Analysis of LED: Featuring One and Two Oracle Attacks

Siyi Wang, Kyungbae Jang, Anubhab Baksi, Sumanta Chakraborty, Wei Jie Bryan Lee, Anupam Chattopadhyay, Hwajeong Seo

Abstract: Quantum computing has attracted substantial attention from researchers across various fields. In case of the symmetric key cryptography, the main problem is posed by the application of Grover’s search. In this work, we focus on quantum analysis of the lightweight block cipher LED. This paper proposes an optimized quantum circuit for LED, minimizing the required number of qubits, quantum gates, and circuit depth. Furthermore, we conduct Grover’s attack and Search with Two Oracles (STO) attack on the proposed LED cipher, estimating the quantum resources required for the corresponding attack oracles. The STO attack outperforms the usual Grover’s search when the state size is less than the key size. Beyond analyzing the cipher itself (i.e., the ECB mode), this work also evaluates the effectiveness of quantum attacks on LED across different modes of operation.

External IDs:dblp:conf/indocrypt/WangJBCLCS25