Reducing Spurious Correlations in Aspect-based Sentiment Analysis with Explanation from Large Language Models

Qianlong Wang, Keyang Ding, Bin Liang, Min Yang, Ruifeng Xu

Submission Type: Regular Long Paper

Submission Track: Sentiment Analysis, Stylistic Analysis, and Argument Mining

Keywords: aspect-based sentiment analysis, spurious correlations, large language models

TL;DR: We use explanations from large language models to reduce spurious correlations in ABSA models.

Abstract: Recently, aspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA) models have yielded promising results. However, they are susceptible to learning spurious correlations between certain words of the input text and output labels while modeling the sentiment feature of the aspect. This spurious correlation will potentially undermine the performance of ABSA models. One direct solution for this problem is to make the model see and learn an explanation of sentiment expression rather than certain words. Motivated by this, we exploit explanations for the sentiment polarity of each aspect from large language models (LLMs) to reduce spurious correlations in ABSA. First, we formulate a prompt template that wraps the sentence, an aspect, and the sentiment label. This template is utilized to prompt LLMs to generate an appropriate explanation that states the sentiment cause. Then, we propose two straightforward yet effective methods to leverage the explanation for preventing the learning of spurious correlations. We conducted extensive comparative experiments on five datasets by integrating them with some representative ABSA models. Results show that our methods can achieve performance gains and enhance the performance and generalization ability of ABSA models.

Submission Number: 2996