Bootstrapping with RMFE for Fully Homomorphic Encryption

Khin Mi Mi Aung, Enhui Lim, Jun Jie Sim, Benjamin Hong Meng Tan, Huaxiong Wang

Published: 01 Jan 2025, Last Modified: 12 Nov 2025CrossrefEveryoneRevisionsCC BY-SA 4.0
Abstract: There is a heavy preference towards instantiating BGV and BFV homomorphic encryption schemes where the cyclotomic order m is a power of two), as this admits highly efficient fast Fourier transformations. Field Instruction Multiple Data (FIMD) was introduced to increase packing capacity in the case of small primes and improve amortised performance, using reverse multiplication-friendly embeddings (RMFEs) to encode more data into each SIMD slot. However, FIMD currently does not admit bootstrapping.
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