Emergent leader-follower relationship in networked multiagent systems

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Jinzhuo Liu, Chenyou Fan, Yunchen Peng, Jinze Du, Zhen Wang, Chen Chu

Published: 2023, Last Modified: 08 Jan 2026Sci. China Inf. Sci. 2023EveryoneRevisionsBibTeXCC BY-SA 4.0
Abstract: A new mixed-population game dynamics was studied in the prisoner’s dilemma game with voluntary participation. We found that the leader-follower relationship emerges among the population, and EGPs are the main participant in cooperation, while RLPs perform like leaders who encourage EGPs to cooperate. There is an optimal value of the ratio of the two-game dynamics that promotes cooperation.