Image Compression and Classification Using Qubits and Quantum Deep Learning

Ali Mohsen, Mo Tiwari

Keywords: quantum machine learning, flexible representation of quantum images, quantum neural network

Abstract: Recent work suggests that quantum machine learning techniques can be used for classical image classification by encoding the images in quantum states and using a quantum neural network for inference. However, such work has been restricted to very small input images, at most $4 \times 4$, that are unrealistic and cannot even be accurately labeled by humans. The primary difficulties in using larger input images is that hitherto-proposed encoding schemes necessitate more qubits than are physically realizable. We propose a framework to classify larger, realistic images using quantum systems. Our approach relies on a novel encoding mechanism that embeds images in quantum states while necessitating fewer qubits than prior work. Our framework is able to classify images that are larger than previously possible, up to $16 \times 16$ for the MNIST dataset on a personal laptop, and obtains accuracy comparable to classical neural networks with the same number of learnable parameters. We also propose a technique for further reducing the number of qubits needed to represent images that may result in an easier physical implementation at the expense of final performance. Our work enables quantum machine learning and classification on classical datasets of dimensions that were previously intractable by physically realizable quantum computers or classical simulation.

One-sentence Summary: We construct quantum circuits to efficiently embed larger-than-previously-possible images in qubit systems and classify them using quantum neural networks, achieving performance comparable to classical approaches.