Semi-supervised soft sensor method for fermentation processes based on physical monotonicity and variational autoencoders

Xinyue Cheng, Zhenhua Yu, Guan Wang, Qingchao Jiang, Zhixing Cao

Abstract: Highlights•A novel PMVAER model was developed for soft sensing of penicillin fermentation.•The PMVAER model integrated experimental data and physical monotonicity.•The model disentangled the dimension related to labels from the latent space.•The PMVAER model showed superior prediction performance (higher R2 and lower RMSE).•The PMVAER model showed better interpretability and stronger generalization ability.