Practicality of generalization guarantees for unsupervised domain adaptation with neural networks

Published: 24 Oct 2022, Last Modified: 30 Jun 2023Accepted by TMLREveryoneRevisionsBibTeX
Authors that are also TMLR Expert Reviewers: ~Fredrik_Daniel_Johansson1
Abstract: Understanding generalization is crucial to confidently engineer and deploy machine learning models, especially when deployment implies a shift in the data domain. For such domain adaptation problems, we seek generalization bounds which are tractably computable and tight. If these desiderata can be reached, the bounds can serve as guarantees for adequate performance in deployment. However, in applications where deep neural networks are the models of choice, deriving results which fulfill these remains an unresolved challenge; most existing bounds are either vacuous or has non-estimable terms, even in favorable conditions. In this work, we evaluate existing bounds from the literature with potential to satisfy our desiderata on domain adaptation image classification tasks, where deep neural networks are preferred. We find that all bounds are vacuous and that sample generalization terms account for much of the observed looseness, especially when these terms interact with measures of domain shift. To overcome this and arrive at the tightest possible results, we combine each bound with recent data-dependent PAC-Bayes analysis, greatly improving the guarantees. We find that, when domain overlap can be assumed, a simple importance weighting extension of previous work provides the tightest estimable bound. Finally, we study which terms dominate the bounds and identify possible directions for further improvement.
Certifications: Expert Certification
Submission Length: Regular submission (no more than 12 pages of main content)
Changes Since Last Submission: Extended discussion, fixed some typos. Also changed figure 6a to the correct one, it previously showed results for the fully connected architecture.
Video: https://github.com/Healthy-AI/pacbayes_bounds
Code: https://github.com/Healthy-AI/pacbayes_bounds
Assigned Action Editor: ~Yingzhen_Li1
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
Submission Number: 250
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