Efficient and Secure Outsourced Image Watermarking in Cloud Computing

Xiongjie Fang, Ruopan Lai, Zhipeng Zhou, Ziyang Chen, Peijia Zheng, Wei Lu

Abstract: Image watermark has played an important role in image copyright protection. With the development of cloud computing in recent years, more and more people are willing to outsource the watermark embedding processing to cloud servers. However, the usual watermark embedding is performed in the plaintext domain, which will lead to the leakage of private information. We propose an effective privacy-preserving outsourcing watermark embedding method. We firstly present the batched implementation of discrete cosine transform (DCT) in the encrypted domain using fully homomorphic encryption integrated with Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD). The watermark bits are embedded in the DC components of the DCT coefficients in the encrypted domain without any leakage of the original image data. Our experimental results indicate that our secure watermarking scheme has higher efficiency than the compared work.