Infrared Small Target Detection based on Adjustable Sensitivity Strategy and Multi-Scale Fusion

Jinmiao Zhao, Zelin Shi, Chuang Yu, Yunpeng Liu

Abstract: Recently, deep learning-based single-frame infrared small target (SIRST) detection technology has made significant progress. However, existing infrared small target detection methods are often optimized for a fixed image resolution, a single wavelength, or a specific imaging system, limiting their breadth and flexibility in practical applications. Therefore, we propose a refined infrared small target detection scheme based on an adjustable sensitivity (AS) strategy and multi-scale fusion. Specifically, a multi-scale model fusion framework based on multi-scale direction-aware network (MSDA-Net) is constructed, which uses input images of multiple scales to train multiple models and fuses them. Multi-scale fusion helps characterize the shape, edge, and texture features of the target from different scales, making the model more accurate and reliable in locating the target. At the same time, we fully consider the characteristics of the infrared small target detection task and construct an edge enhancement difficulty mining (EEDM) loss. The EEDM loss helps alleviate the problem of category imbalance and guides the network to pay more attention to difficult target areas and edge features during training. In addition, we propose an adjustable sensitivity strategy for post-processing. This strategy significantly improves the detection rate of infrared small targets while ensuring segmentation accuracy. Extensive experimental results show that the proposed scheme achieves the best performance. Notably, this scheme won the first prize in the PRCV 2024 wide-area infrared small target detection competition.