RadialRouter: Structured Representation for Efficient and Robust Large Language Models Routing

ACL ARR 2025 May Submission2446 Authors

Abstract: The rapid advancements in large language models (LLMs) have led to the emergence of routing techniques, which aim to efficiently select the optimal LLM from diverse candidates to tackle specific tasks, optimizing performance while reducing costs. Current LLM routing methods are limited in effectiveness due to insufficient exploration of the intrinsic connection between user queries and the characteristics of LLMs. To address this issue, in this paper, we present **RadialRouter**, a novel framework for LLM routing which employs a lightweight Transformer-based backbone with a radial structure named **RadialFormer** to articulate the query-LLMs relationship. The optimal LLM selection is performed based on the final states of RadialFormer. The pipeline is further refined by an objective function that combines Kullback-Leibler divergence with the query-query contrastive loss to enhance robustness. Experimental results on RouterBench show that RadialRouter significantly outperforms existing routing methods by 9.2\% and 5.8\% in the *Balance* and *Cost First* scenarios, respectively. Additionally, its adaptability toward different performance-cost trade-offs and the dynamic LLM pool demonstrates practical application potential.

Paper Type: Long

Research Area: NLP Applications

Research Area Keywords: large language model, LLM routing, LLM ensemble

Contribution Types: Model analysis & interpretability, NLP engineering experiment, Approaches low compute settings-efficiency, Data analysis, Theory

Languages Studied: English

Submission Number: 2446