Evidence-based XAI: An empirical approach to design more effective and explainable decision support systems

Lorenzo Famiglini, Andrea Campagner, Marília Barandas, Giovanni Andrea La Maida, Enrico Gallazzi, Federico Cabitza

Abstract: Highlights•User study evaluated XAI’s impact on identifying thoracolumbar fractures.•Low-level features CAMs improved diagnostic accuracy and physician confidence.•Study calls for evidence-based, human-centered AI & XAI tool design.•Results highlight need for research on human–AI collaboration in clinical decisions.