Error Norm Truncation: Robust Training in the Presence of Data Noise for Text Generation Models

Tianjian Li, Haoran Xu, Philipp Koehn, Daniel Khashabi, Kenton Murray

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Keywords: language generation, language modeling, machine translation, robustness, estimating data quality

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TL;DR: We propose to truncate tokens with high L2 error norm to improve robustness of text generation models to noise.

Abstract: Text generation models are notoriously vulnerable to errors in the training data. With the wide-spread availability of massive amounts of web-crawled data becoming more commonplace, how can we enhance the robustness of models trained on a massive amount of noisy web-crawled text? In our work, we propose Error Norm Truncation (ENT), a robust enhancement method to the standard training objective that truncates noisy data. Compared to methods that only uses the negative log-likelihood loss to estimate data quality, our method provides a more accurate estimation by considering the distribution of non-target tokens, which is often overlooked by previous work. Through comprehensive experiments across language modeling, machine translation, and text summarization, we show that equipping text generation models with ENT improves generation quality over standard training and previous soft and hard truncation methods. Furthermore, we show that our method improves the robustness of models against two of the most detrimental types of noise in machine translation, resulting in an increase of more than 2 BLEU points over the MLE baseline when up to 50\% of noise is added to the data.

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Primary Area: representation learning for computer vision, audio, language, and other modalities

Submission Number: 6463