Efficient Communications in Training Large Scale Neural Networks

Yiyang Zhao, Linnan Wang, Wei Wu, George Bosilca, Richard W. Vuduc, Jinmian Ye, Wenqi Tang, Zenglin Xu

Abstract: We consider the problem of how to reduce the cost of communication that is required for the parallel training of a neural network. The state-of-the-art method, Bulk Synchronous Parallel Stochastic Gradient Descent (BSP-SGD), requires many collective communication operations, like broadcasts of parameters or reductions for partial gradient aggregations, which for large messages quickly dominates overall execution time and limits parallel scalability. To address this problem, we develop a new technique for collective operations, referred to as Linear Pipelining (LP). It is tuned to the message sizes that arise in BSP-SGD, and works effectively on multi-GPU systems. Theoretically, the cost of LP is invariant to P, where P is the number of GPUs, while the cost of the more conventional Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) scales like O(log P). LP also demonstrates up to 2x higher bandwidth than Bidirectional Exchange (BE) techniques that are widely adopted by current MPI implementations. We apply these collectives to BSP-SGD, showing that the proposed implementations reduce communication bottlenecks in practice while preserving the attractive convergence properties of BSP-SGD.