Learning with Holographic Reduced Representations

Ashwinkumar Ganesan, Hang Gao, Sunil Gandhi, Edward Raff, Tim Oates, James Holt, Mark McLean

Keywords: Holographic Reduced Representations, binding, neuro-symbolic

TL;DR: An approach to do symbolic AI using vectors from the 90s has been long neglected by ML ressearches, but some careful updates make it applicable to modern use.

Abstract: Holographic Reduced Representations (HRR) are a method for performing symbolic AI on top of real-valued vectors by associating each vector with an abstract concept, and providing mathematical operations to manipulate vectors as if they were classic symbolic objects. This method has seen little use outside of older symbolic AI work and cognitive science. Our goal is to revisit this approach to understand if it is viable for enabling a hybrid neural-symbolic approach to learning as a differential component of a deep learning architecture. HRRs today are not effective in a differential solution due to numerical instability, a problem we solve by introducing a projection step that forces the vectors to exist in a well behaved point in space. In doing so we improve the concept retrieval efficacy of HRRs by over $100\times$. Using multi-label classification we demonstrate how to leverage the symbolic HRR properties to develop a output layer and loss function that is able to learn effectively, and allows us to investigate some of the pros and cons of an HRR neuro-symbolic learning approach.

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Code: https://github.com/NeuromorphicComputationResearchProgram/Learning-with-Holographic-Reduced-Representations

Community Implementations: [ 1 code implementation](https://www.catalyzex.com/paper/arxiv:2109.02157/code)