Numerion: A Multi-Hypercomplex Model for Time Series Forecasting

ICLR 2026 Conference Submission15291 Authors

Keywords: Time Series Forecasting, Hypercomplex Numbers, Hypercomplex Time Series Models, Multi-Hypercomplex Space

TL;DR: We propose Numerion, a hypercomplex space-based model, decomposes and forecasts time series using multi-dimensional RHR-MLPs, achieving state-of-the-art results.

Abstract: Many methods aim to enhance time series forecasting by decomposing the series through intricate model structures and prior knowledge, yet they are inevitably limited by computational complexity and the robustness of the assumptions. Our research uncovers that in the complex domain and higher-order hypercomplex spaces, the characteristic frequencies of time series naturally decrease. Leveraging this insight, we propose Numerion, a time series forecasting model based on multiple hypercomplex spaces. Specifically, grounded in theoretical support, we generalize linear layers and activation functions to hypercomplex spaces of arbitrary power-of-two dimensions and introduce a novel Real-Hypercomplex-Real Domain Multi-Layer Perceptron (RHR-MLP) architecture. Numerion utilizes multiple RHR-MLPs to map time series into hypercomplex spaces of varying dimensions, naturally decomposing and independently modeling the series, and adaptively fuses the latent patterns exhibited in different spaces through a dynamic fusion mechanism. Experiments validate the model’s performance, achieving state-of-the-art results on multiple public datasets. Visualizations and quantitative analyses comprehensively demonstrate the ability of multi-dimensional RHR-MLPs to naturally decompose time series and reveal the tendency of higher-dimensional hypercomplex spaces to capture lower-frequency features.

Primary Area: learning on time series and dynamical systems

Submission Number: 15291