MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHM FOR AUTOMATIC DETECTION OF CT-IDENTIFIABLE HYPERDENSE LESIONS ASSOCIATED WITH TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

Krishna Nand Keshava Murthy, Derek Merck, Benjamin Kimia, Jeffrey Brock

Abstract:

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability in the United States. Time to treatment is often
related to patient outcome. Access to cerebral imaging data in a timely manner is a vital component of patient care.
Current methods of detecting and quantifying intracranial pathology can be time-consuming and require careful review
of 2D/3D patient images by a radiologist. Additional time is needed for image protocoling, acquisition, and processing.
These steps often occur in series, adding more time to the process and potentially delaying time-dependent management
decisions for patients with traumatic brain injury.
Our team adapted machine learning and computer vision methods to develop a technique that rapidly and automatically
detects CT-identifiable lesions. Specifically, we use scale invariant feature transform (SIFT)1
and deep convolutional
neural networks (CNN)2
to identify important image features that can distinguish TBI lesions from background data. Our
learning algorithm is a linear support vector machine (SVM)3
. Further, we also employ tools from topological data
analysis (TDA) for gleaning insights into the correlation patterns between healthy and pathological data. The technique
was validated using 409 CT scans of the brain, acquired via the Progesterone for the Treatment of Traumatic Brain
Injury phase III clinical trial (ProTECT_III) which studied patients with moderate to severe TBI4
. CT data were
annotated by a central radiologist and included patients with positive and negative scans. Additionally, the largest lesion
on each positive scan was manually segmented. We reserved 80% of the data for training the SVM and used the
remaining 20% for testing. Preliminary results are promising with 92.55% prediction accuracy (sensitivity = 91.15%,
specificity = 93.45%), indicating the potential usefulness of this technique in clinical scenarios