Semantics-Adaptive Activation Intervention for LLMs via Dynamic Steering Vectors

Weixuan Wang, JINGYUAN YANG, Wei Peng

Keywords: Large Language Models, Activation Steering, Dynamic Steering Vector

TL;DR: A novel method that develops a dynamic steering vector to modulate an LLM's activations at inference time

Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance across many tasks, yet aligning them with desired behaviors remains challenging. Activation intervention has emerged as an effective and economical method to modify the behavior of LLMs. Despite considerable interest in this area, current intervention methods exclusively employ a fixed steering vector to modify model activations, lacking adaptability to diverse input semantics. To address this limitation, we propose Semantics-Adaptive Dynamic Intervention (SADI), a novel method that constructs a dynamic steering vector to intervene model activations at inference time. More specifically, SADI utilizes activation differences in contrastive pairs to precisely identify critical elements of an LLM (i.e., attention heads, hidden states, and neurons) for targeted intervention. During inference, SADI dynamically steers model behavior by scaling element-wise activations based on the directions of input semantics. Experimental results show that SADI outperforms established baselines by substantial margins, improving task performance without training. SADI's cost-effectiveness and generalizability across various LLM backbones and tasks highlight its potential as a versatile alignment technique. We will release the code to foster research in this area.

Primary Area: applications to computer vision, audio, language, and other modalities

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Submission Number: 9977