SERUM: Simple, Efficient, Robust, and Unifying Marking for Diffusion-based Image Generation

Jan Kociszewski, Hubert Jastrzębski, Tymoteusz Stępkowski, Filip Manijak, Krzysztof Rojek, Franziska Boenisch, Adam Dziedzic

Keywords: watermarks, diffusion models, marking, computer vision, image generation

TL;DR: We propose a simple yet highly effective method for marking diffusion-based image generation by adding a unique watermark noise to the initial diffusion noise and training a lightweight detector to reliably identify watermarked images.

Abstract: We propose SERUM: an intriguingly simple yet highly effective method for marking images generated by diffusion models (DMs). We only add a unique watermark noise to the initial diffusion generation noise and train a lightweight detector to identify watermarked images, simplifying and unifying the strengths of prior approaches. SERUM provides robustness against any image augmentations or watermark removal attacks and is extremely efficient, all while maintaining negligible impact on image quality. In contrast to prior approaches, which are often only resilient to limited perturbations and incur significant training, injection, and detection costs, our SERUM achieves remarkable performance, with the highest true positive rate (TPR) at a 1% false positive rate (FPR) in most scenarios, along with fast injection and detection and low detector training overhead. Its decoupled architecture also seamlessly supports multiple users by embedding individualized watermarks with little interference between the marks. Overall, our method provides a practical solution to mark outputs from DMs and to reliably distinguish generated from natural images.

Primary Area: generative models

Submission Number: 1705