Sparsity Emerges Naturally in Neural Language Models

Naomi Saphra, Adam Lopez

Keywords: LSTMs, learning dynamics, sparsity, language modeling

TL;DR: We study the natural emergence of sparsity in the activations and gradients for some layers of a dense LSTM language model, over the course of training.

Abstract: Concerns about interpretability, computational resources, and principled inductive priors have motivated efforts to engineer sparse neural models for NLP tasks. If sparsity is important for NLP, might well-trained neural models naturally become roughly sparse? Using the Taxi-Euclidean norm to measure sparsity, we find that frequent input words are associated with concentrated or sparse activations, while frequent target words are associated with dispersed activations but concentrated gradients. We find that gradients associated with function words are more concentrated than the gradients of content words, even controlling for word frequency.