Consistency Is the Key: Detecting Hallucinations in LLM Generated Text By Checking Inconsistencies About Key Facts

ACL ARR 2025 May Submission7791 Authors

Abstract: Large language models (LLMs), despite their remarkable text generation capabilities, often hallucinate and generate text that is factually incorrect and not grounded in real-world knowledge. This poses serious risks in domains like healthcare, finance, and customer support.A typical way to use LLMs is via the APIs provided by LLM vendors where there is no access to model weights or options to fine-tune the model.Existing methods to detect hallucinations in such settings where the model access is restricted or constrained by resources typically require making multiple LLM API calls, increasing latency and API cost. We introduce CONFACTCHECK, an efficient hallucination detection approach that does not leverage any external knowledge base and works on the simple intuition that responses to factual probes within the generated text should be consistent within a single LLM and across different LLMs. Rigorous empirical evaluation on multiple datasets that cover both the generation of factual texts and the open generation shows that CONFACTCHECK can detect hallucinated facts efficiently using fewer resources and achieves significantly higher accuracy scores compared to existing baselines that operate under similar conditions. Our code is available here.

Paper Type: Long

Research Area: Generation

Research Area Keywords: Efficient/Low-Resource Methods for NLP, Ethics, Bias, and Fairness, Generation, Language Modeling

Contribution Types: Model analysis & interpretability, NLP engineering experiment

Languages Studied: English

Submission Number: 7791