Much Ado About Noising: Do Flow Models Actually Make Better Control Policies?

ICLR 2026 Conference Submission21337 Authors

Keywords: Generative model, Flow, Control, Behavior cloning

TL;DR: We identify why generative models are successful as continuous control policies, and introduce a minimal policy parametrization which replicates their success.

Abstract: Generative models, like flows and diffusions, have recently emerged as popular and efficacious policy parameterizations in robotics. There has been much speculation as to the factors underlying their successes, ranging from capturing multimodal action distributions to expressing more complex behaviors. In this work, we perform a comprehensive evaluation of popular generative control policies (GCPs) on common behavior cloning (BC) benchmarks. We find that GCPs do not owe their success to their ability to capture multimodality or to express more complex observation-to-action mappings. Instead, we find that their advantage stems from iterative computation, provided that intermediate steps are supervised during training and this supervision is paired with a suitable level of stochasticity. As a validation of our findings, we show that a minimal iterative policy (MIP), a lightweight two-step regression-based policy, essentially matches the performance of flow GCPs. Our results suggest that the distribution-fitting component of GCPs is less salient than commonly believed and point toward new design spaces focusing solely on control performance. Videos and supplementary materials are available at https://anonymous.4open.science/w/mip-anonymous/.

Primary Area: applications to robotics, autonomy, planning

Submission Number: 21337