DOVE: A Large-Scale Multi-Dimensional Predictions Dataset Towards Meaningful LLM Evaluation

ACL ARR 2025 February Submission5480 Authors

Abstract:

Recent work found that LLMs are sensitive to a wide range of arbitrary prompt dimensions, including the type of delimiters, answer enumerators, instruction wording, and more. This throws into question popular single-prompt evaluation practices.
In this work, we present DOVE (Dataset Of Variation Evaluation) a large-scale dataset containing prompt perturbations of various evaluation benchmarks. In contrast to previous work, we examine LLM sensitivity from an holistic perspective, and assess the joint effects of perturbations along various dimensions, resulting in thousands of perturbations per instance. We evaluate several model families against DOVE, leading to several findings, including efficient methods for choosing well-performing prompts, observing that few-shot examples reduce sensitivity, and identifying instances which are inherently hard across all perturbations.
DOVE consists of more than 300M prompt perturbations and model outputs, which we make publicly available to spur a community-wide effort toward meaningful, robust, and efficient evaluation.

Paper Type: Long

Research Area: Special Theme (conference specific)

Research Area Keywords: LLM evaluation, prompt sensitivity, benchmarking, multiple-choice question answering

Contribution Types: Model analysis & interpretability, Data resources, Data analysis

Languages Studied: English

Submission Number: 5480