Cradle: Empowering Foundation Agents towards General Computer Control
Keywords: Foundation Agents, Large Multimodal Models, Decision-making, General Computer Control
TL;DR: A framework that can play RDR2, Stardew Valley, Cities: Skylines and Dealer's Life2 and various software.
Abstract: Despite their success in specific scenarios, existing foundation agents still struggle to generalize across various virtual scenarios, mainly due to the dramatically different encapsulations of environments with manually designed observation and action spaces. To handle this issue, we propose the General Computer Control (GCC) setting to restrict foundation agents to interact with software through the most unified and standardized interface, i.e., using screenshots as input and keyboard and mouse actions as output. We introduce Cradle, a modular and flexible LMM-powered framework, as a preliminary attempt towards GCC. Enhanced by six key modules, Information Gathering, Self-Reflection, Task Inference, Skill Curation, Action Planning, and Memory, Cradle is able to understand input screenshots and output executable code for low-level keyboard and mouse control after high-level planning and information retrieval, so that Cradle can interact with any software and complete long-horizon complex tasks without relying on any built-in APIs. Experimental results show that Cradle exhibits remarkable generalizability and impressive performance across four commercial never before explorer digital games, five software applications, and a comprehensive benchmark, OSWorld. To our best knowledge, Cradle is the first to enable foundation agents to follow the main storyline and complete one-hour-long real missions in the complex AAA game Red Dead Redemption 2 (RDR2). Cradle can also create a city of a thousand people in Cities: Skylines, farm and harvest parsnips in Stardew Valley, and trade and bargain with a maximal weekly total profit of 87% in Dealer's Life 2. Cradle can not only operate daily software, like Chrome, Outlook, and Feishu, but also edit images and videos using Meitu and CapCut. With a unified interface to interact with any software, Cradle greatly extends the reach of foundation agents by enabling the easy conversion of any software, especially complex games, into benchmarks to evaluate agents' various abilities and further collect detailed data, thus paving the way for generalist agents.
Supplementary Material: zip
Primary Area: applications to robotics, autonomy, planning
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Submission Number: 6747
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