Supervised Contrastive Learning for Pre-trained Language Model Fine-tuning

Beliz Gunel, Jingfei Du, Alexis Conneau, Veselin Stoyanov

Keywords: pre-trained language model fine-tuning, supervised contrastive learning, natural language understanding, few-shot learning, robustness, generalization

Abstract: State-of-the-art natural language understanding classification models follow two-stages: pre-training a large language model on an auxiliary task, and then fine-tuning the model on a task-specific labeled dataset using cross-entropy loss. However, the cross-entropy loss has several shortcomings that can lead to sub-optimal generalization and instability. Driven by the intuition that good generalization requires capturing the similarity between examples in one class and contrasting them with examples in other classes, we propose a supervised contrastive learning (SCL) objective for the fine-tuning stage. Combined with cross-entropy, our proposed SCL loss obtains significant improvements over a strong RoBERTa-Large baseline on multiple datasets of the GLUE benchmark in few-shot learning settings, without requiring specialized architecture, data augmentations, memory banks, or additional unsupervised data. Our proposed fine-tuning objective leads to models that are more robust to different levels of noise in the fine-tuning training data, and can generalize better to related tasks with limited labeled data.

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Data: [GLUE](https://paperswithcode.com/dataset/glue), [QNLI](https://paperswithcode.com/dataset/qnli)