Differentially Private CutMix for Split Learning with Vision Transformer

Seungeun Oh, Jihong Park, Sihun Baek, Hyelin Nam, Praneeth Vepakomma, Ramesh Raskar, Mehdi Bennis, Seong-Lyun Kim

Keywords: Differential Privacy, Federated Learning, Split Learning, Vision Transformer, CutMix, Mixup

Abstract: Recently, vision transformer (ViT) has started to outpace the conventional CNN in computer vision tasks. Considering privacy-preserving distributed learning with ViT, federated learning (FL) communicates models, which becomes ill-suited due to ViT's large model size and computing costs. Split learning (SL) detours this by communicating smashed data at a cut-layer, yet suffers from data privacy leakage and large communication costs caused by high similarity between ViT's smashed data and input data. Motivated by this problem, we propose \textit{DP-CutMixSL}, a differentially private (DP) SL framework by developing \textit{DP patch-level randomized CutMix (DP-CutMix)}, a novel privacy-preserving inter-client interpolation scheme that replaces randomly selected patches in smashed data. By experiment, we show that DP-CutMixSL not only boosts privacy guarantees and communication efficiency, but also achieves higher accuracy than its Vanilla SL counterpart. Theoretically, we analyze that DP-CutMix amplifies R\'enyi DP (RDP), which is upper-bounded by its Vanilla Mixup counterpart.