ChunkNorris: A High-Performance and Low-Energy Approach to PDF Parsing and Chunking

ACL ARR 2025 February Submission2104 Authors

Abstract: In Retrieval-Augmented Generation applications, the Information Retrieval part is central as it provides the contextual information that enables a Large Language Model to generate an appropriate and truthful response. High quality parsing and chunking are critical as efficient data segmentation directly impacts downstream tasks, i.e. Information Retrieval and answer generation. In this paper, we introduce ChunkNorris, a novel heuristic-based technique designed to optimise the parsing and chunking of PDF documents. Our approach does not rely on machine learning and employs a suite of simple yet effective heuristics to achieve high performance with minimal computational overhead. We demonstrate the efficiency of ChunkNorris through a comprehensive benchmark against existing parsing and chunking methods, evaluating criteria such as execution time, energy consumption, and retrieval accuracy. We propose an open-access dataset to produce our results. ChunkNorris outperforms baseline and more advanced techniques, offering a practical and efficient alternative for Information Retrieval tasks. Therefore, this research highlights the potential of heuristic-based methods for real-world, resource-constrained RAG use cases.

Paper Type: Long

Research Area: Information Retrieval and Text Mining

Research Area Keywords: document representation,passage retrieval,dense retrieval

Contribution Types: Approaches low compute settings-efficiency, Publicly available software and/or pre-trained models, Data resources

Languages Studied: english

Submission Number: 2104