Adaptive Re-calibration Learning for Balanced Multimodal Intention Recognition

Qu Yang, Xiyang Li, Fu Lin, Mang Ye

Keywords: Multimodal data, Modality imbalance, modality valuation, Sample Calibration, Encoder Calibration

Abstract: Multimodal Intention Recognition (MIR) plays a critical role in applications such as intelligent assistants, service robots, and autonomous systems. However, in real-world settings, different modalities often vary significantly in informativeness, reliability, and noise levels. This leads to modality imbalance, where models tend to over-rely on dominant modalities, thereby limiting generalization and robustness. While existing methods attempt to alleviate this issue at either the sample or model level, most overlook its multi-level nature. To address this, we propose Adaptive Re-calibration Learning (ARL), a novel dual-path framework that models modality importance from both sample-wise and structural perspectives. ARL incorporates two key mechanisms: Contribution-Inverse Sample Calibration (CISC), which dynamically masks overly dominant modalities at the sample level to encourage attention to underutilized ones; and Weighted Encoder Calibration (WEC), which adjusts encoder weights based on global modality contributions to prevent overfitting. Experimental results on multiple MIR benchmarks demonstrate that ARL significantly outperforms existing methods in both accuracy and robustness, particularly under noisy or modality-degraded conditions.

Primary Area: Deep learning (e.g., architectures, generative models, optimization for deep networks, foundation models, LLMs)

Submission Number: 20109