Flipout: Efficient Pseudo-Independent Weight Perturbations on Mini-Batches

Yeming Wen, Paul Vicol, Jimmy Ba, Dustin Tran, Roger Grosse

Abstract: Stochastic neural net weights are used in a variety of contexts, including regularization, Bayesian neural nets, exploration in reinforcement learning, and evolution strategies. Unfortunately, due to the large number of weights, all the examples in a mini-batch typically share the same weight perturbation, thereby limiting the variance reduction effect of large mini-batches. We introduce flipout, an efficient method for decorrelating the gradients within a mini-batch by implicitly sampling pseudo-independent weight perturbations for each example. Empirically, flipout achieves the ideal linear variance reduction for fully connected networks, convolutional networks, and RNNs. We find significant speedups in training neural networks with multiplicative Gaussian perturbations. We show that flipout is effective at regularizing LSTMs, and outperforms previous methods. Flipout also enables us to vectorize evolution strategies: in our experiments, a single GPU with flipout can handle the same throughput as at least 40 CPU cores using existing methods, equivalent to a factor-of-4 cost reduction on Amazon Web Services.

TL;DR: We introduce flipout, an efficient method for decorrelating the gradients computed by stochastic neural net weights within a mini-batch by implicitly sampling pseudo-independent weight perturbations for each example.

Keywords: weight perturbation, reparameterization gradient, gradient variance reduction, evolution strategies, LSTM, regularization, optimization

Code: [ 3 community implementations](https://paperswithcode.com/paper/?openreview=rJNpifWAb)

Data: [CIFAR-10](https://paperswithcode.com/dataset/cifar-10), [MNIST](https://paperswithcode.com/dataset/mnist), [Penn Treebank](https://paperswithcode.com/dataset/penn-treebank)

Community Implementations: [ 3 code implementations](https://www.catalyzex.com/paper/arxiv:1803.04386/code)