FairDropout: Using Example-Tied Dropout to Enhance Generalization for Minority Groups

geraldin nanfack, Eugene Belilovsky

Keywords: spurious correlation, fairness, worst-group performance

Abstract:

Deep learning models frequently exploit spurious features in training data to achieve low training error, often resulting in poor generalization when faced with shifted testing distributions. To address this issue, various methods from imbalanced learning, representation learning, and classifier recalibration have been proposed to enhance the robustness of deep neural networks against spurious correlations. In this paper, we observe that models trained with empirical risk minimization tend to generalize well for examples from the majority groups while memorizing instances from minority groups.
Building on recent findings that show memorization can be localized to a limited number of neurons, we apply example-tied dropout as a method we term \textit{FairDropout}, aimed at redirecting this memorization to specific neurons that we subsequently drop out during inference. We empirically evaluate FairDropout using the subpopulation benchmark suite encompassing vision, language, and healthcare tasks, demonstrating that it significantly reduces reliance on spurious correlations.

Primary Area: alignment, fairness, safety, privacy, and societal considerations

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Submission Number: 12426