Training Language Model to Critique for Better Refinement

ACL ARR 2025 February Submission1286 Authors

Abstract:

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable evaluation and critique capabilities, providing insightful feedback and identifying flaws in various tasks. However, limited research has explored which types of critiques are most effective for improving model responses or how to generate such critiques.
To address this gap, we introduce **R**efinement-oriented **C**ritique **O**ptimization (RCO), a novel framework designed to train critic models using refinement signals.
RCO uses a feedback loop where critiques, generated by the critic model, guide the actor model in refining its responses. The critique utility (CU) quantifies the effectiveness of these refinements, serving as the reward signal for training the critic model. By focusing on critiques that lead to better refinements, RCO eliminates the need for direct critique preference assessment, ensuring that critiques driving meaningful improvements are rewarded.
We evaluate RCO across five tasks—dialog generation, summarization, question answering, mathematical reasoning, and code generation—and show that it significantly outperforms traditional methods and open-source models in terms of critique quality and refinement outcomes. Our contributions include the introduction of RCO, a novel supervision scheme based on refined response preferences, and comprehensive experimental results that highlight the method's effectiveness in enhancing LLM critique-refinement loops. Code and data will be publicly available upon acceptance of this paper.

Paper Type: Long

Research Area: Generation

Research Area Keywords: text-to-text generation, automatic evaluation

Contribution Types: NLP engineering experiment, Publicly available software and/or pre-trained models

Languages Studied: English

Submission Number: 1286